The First World War 2025 chm pdf kindle rb azw3 下载 115盘

It will soon be close to a century since the outbreak of the First World War, yet as military historian Hew Strachan argues in this brilliant and authoritative one-volume history, the legacy of the "war to end all wars" is with us still. Written in crisp, compelling prose and enlivened with vivid photographs—including early color photographs— The First World War re-creates this world-altering conflict both on and off the battlefield. Strachan offers a fresh and truly global perspective on how the Great War not only redrew the map of the world but also set in motion the most dangerous conflicts of today, especially in such hot spots as the Middle East and the Balkans. Deeply learned and powerfully written, The First World War is a landmark work of contemporary history.

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第十五章战争目的与和平谈判殖民地的问题上产生冲突；法国和德国就阿尔萨斯一洛林和菜相持不下俄国和同盟国争着要统治波兰奥帝国和意大利也在争抢阿尔卑斯山脉以及亚得里亚海；德国和法国对待关税同盟的政策相互冲突。但是1914-1916年，几乎没有任何和平试探能够取得实质性的进展。德国看望分裂协约国，但因协约国团结一致而未能实现。对战争目标的外交局和海陆的战略僵局，使德国四面楚歌。无论是折中妥协，还是诉诸武力，又或者是革命，都无法结束战争：参战人员和后方群众始终在坚持。从第一次伊普尔战役到推翻尼古拉二世，三足鼎立是当时世界的主要格局。1917年的和平倡议

在这个僵局中，1917年的最大变动是国内战线的凝聚力。沙皇下台，现有秩序受到了更大的挑战，此外还有德国和英国的工人罢工、意大利的暴乱以及法国的军队哗变。然而，东欧的交战国，俄国和奥帝国的局势最为紧张。1917年成为尝试通过谈判解决骚乱的高潮。然而，他们未能实质性动任何一方的战争目的。另外一个重大变化是美国的介这使局更为紧张并延长了战争的时间。

沙皇俄国和奥匈帝国的领导集团都发生了变动，奥帝国弗朗茨・约瑟夫皇帝辞世，卡尔大帝登基，新外交大臣奥拓卡尔・切尔宁上任的同时，俄国临时政府诞生。二元君主制中的民族分离主义势头越来越

1912年德军人数是64.6万人，法国是61.1万人，俄国是133.2万人

书籍介绍

It will soon be close to a century since the outbreak of the First World War, yet as military historian Hew Strachan argues in this brilliant and authoritative one-volume history, the legacy of the "war to end all wars" is with us still. Written in crisp, compelling prose and enlivened with vivid photographs—including early color photographs— The First World War re-creates this world-altering conflict both on and off the battlefield. Strachan offers a fresh and truly global perspective on how the Great War not only redrew the map of the world but also set in motion the most dangerous conflicts of today, especially in such hot spots as the Middle East and the Balkans. Deeply learned and powerfully written, The First World War is a landmark work of contemporary history.