英汉机译系统定向语言的设计和开发(英文版) 上海交通大学出版社 2025 chm pdf kindle rb azw3 下载 115盘

本论文研究的核心是从语言对比分析的角度出发，选择医学领域两个相对狭窄的分支

包虫病治疗和分子克隆技术中的操作章程（亦称操作菜单）为研究对象，通过对该类型文本的写作特点以及语言使用情况的调查和了解，提出预先对原文写作格式、遣词造句的方式进行有效的管理和，特别是对词汇意义、句法结构进行，优选限度地减少因为词的兼类和多义以及句子结构的过于复杂造成的歧义，最终设计和开发出可应用于英汉机器翻译系统的该类章程写作的定向语言(亦称受控语言)。

Part OneMachine Translation and Controlled Language

Chapter 1Machine Translation

1.1 Introduction

1.2 MT in China

1.2.1 Brief introduction

1.2.2 MT in China

1.3 Types of MT systems

1.3.1 Bilingual systems vs. multilingual systems

1.3.2 Fully automatic MT systems

1.3.3 Human intervened MT systems

1.4 The needs of MT systems

1.5 The difficulty of translation

1.6 The difficulty of MT

Chapter 2Objectives of the thesis

2.1 Motivation

2.2 The purpose of the thesis

2.3 Why is CL preferred in our work?

Chapter 3Controlled Languages

3.1 What is a Controlled Language?

3.1.1 The characteristics of CLs

3.1.2 Human-oriented vs. machine-oriented CLs

3.1.3 AECMA Simplified English

3.1.4 EasyEnglish

3.1.5 KANT system

3.1.6 ACE

3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of CLs

3.2.1 Advantages

3.2.2 Disadvantages

3.3 Sublanguages

3.3.1 Introduction

3.3.2 The characteristics of sublanguages

3.3.3 Differences between CLs and sublanguages

Chapter 4Medical Protocols

4.1 The construction of a sample corpus

4.1.1 The choice of the applied domains

4.1.2 The criteria of building a corpus

4.1.3 The size of the corpus

4.1.4 Sample texts

4.2 Characteristics of the medical protocols

4.2.1 The general styles of the medical protocols

4.2.2 The complexity of medical language

4.2.3 The characteristics of our protocols

4.3 The construction of the CL lexicon

4.3.1 Verbs in the lexicon

4.3.2 Nouns in the lexicon

4.3.3 Prepositions in the lexicon

4.3.4 Adjectives in the lexicon

4.3.5 Determiners in the lexicon

4.4 Management of the lexicon

Part TwoLinguistic Comparison and Formulation

Chapter 5Lexical Differences and Problems

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Our investigation

5.3 Comparisons at lexical level

5.3.1 Morphological differences

5.3.2 Semantic differences

5.3.3 Grammatical Categories and Grammatical Functions

5.3.4 The number of nouns, the English articles and the Chinese classifiers

5.4 The TL structural word "DE" ~

Chapter 6Syntactic Differences and Problems

6.1 General syntactic differences (I)

6.2 Some specific syntactic differences (II)

6.2.1 Noun phrases and modifications

6.2.2 Prepositional phrases, problems and solutions

6.2.3 The position of PPs as adjuncts of verbs

6.3 At the sentence level

6.3.1 Declarative sentences

6.3.2 Imperative sentences

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses

Chapter 7Translation Information

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Some principles

7.2.1 Accuracy

7.2.2 Clarity

7.2.3 Easy to formulate

7.3 Deions

7.3.1 Translation problems

7.3.2 Lexical information

7.3.3 Classifiers

7.3.4 Prepositions

7.3.5 Adding the structural word “DE（的）”

7.3.6 Others

Part ThreeMachine Designing Controlled Language Rules

Chapter 8Designing CL Rules

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Some aspects and principles

8.3 The features of our CL

8.4 Particularities of our sub-domain application

Chapter 9Language Control

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Vocabulary control

9.3 Grammar control

9.3.1 At phrasal level

9.3.2 At sentential level

9.4 Style

Chapter 10CL Rule Set

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Lexical rules

10.3 Grammar Rules

10.3.1 Noun phrase rules

10.3.2 Verb Rules

10.3.3 Adjunct Rules

10.3.4 Prepositional phrase rules

10.3.5 Adjective and adverb rules

10.3.6 Conjunction rules for phrases

10.4 Sentence rules

10.5 Controlled textual rules

10.6 Punctuation rules

Chapter 11Translation Process Model

11.1 Transfer and Generation

11.1.1 The architecture of our system

11.1.2 Introduction to the transfer strategy

11.2 Demonstration

11.3 General Conclusion

Annex Corpus

Original Protocols

Bibliography

Index

Post

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