Violence and Social Orders（ISBN=9780521761734） 2025 chm pdf kindle rb azw3 下载 115盘

All societies must deal with the possibility of violence, and

they do so in different ways. This book integrates the problem of

violence into a larger social science and historical framework,

showing how economic and political behavior are closely linked.

Most societies, which we call natural states, limit violence by

political manipulation of the economy to create privileged

interests. These privileges limit the use of violence by powerful

individuals, but doing so hinders both economic and political

development. In contrast, modern societies create open access to

economic and political organizations, fostering political and

economic competition. The book provides a framework for

understanding the two types of social orders, why open access

societies are both politically and economically more developed, and

how some 25 countries have made the transition between the two

types.

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xv

1.      The Conceptual Framework

  1.1     Introduction

  1.2     The Concept of Social Orders:

Violence, Institutions, and Organizations

  1.3     The Logic of the Natural

State

  1.4     The Logic of the Open Access

Order

  1.5     The Logic of the Transition from

Natural States to Open Access Orders

  1.6     A Note on Beliefs

  1.7     The Plan

2.      The Natural State

  2.1     Introduction

  2.2     Commonalities: Characteristics

of Limited Access Orders

  2.3     Differences: A Typology of

Natural States

  2.4     Privileges, Rights, and Elite

Dynamics

  2.5     Origins: The Problem Scale and

Violence

  2.6     Natural State Dynamics: Fragile

to Basic Natural States

  2.7     Moving to Mature Natural States:

Disorder, Organization, and the Medieval Church

  2.8     Mature Natural States: France

and England in the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth

Centuries

  2.9     Natural States

Appendix: Skeletal Evidence and Empirical Results

3.      The Natural State Applied: English

Land Law

  3.1     Introduction

  3.2     Chronology

  3.3     The Courts, Legal Concepts, and

the Law of Property

  3.4     Bastard Feudalism

  3.5     Bastard Feudalism and the

Impersonalization of Property

  3.6     The Typology of Natural

States

  Appendix

4.      Open Access Orders

  4.1     Introduction

  4.2     Commonalities: Characteristics

of an Open Access Order

  4.3     Institutions, Beliefs, and

Incentives Supporting Open Access

  4.4     Incorporation: The Extension of

Citizenship

  4.5     Control of Violence in Open

Access Orders

  4.6     Growth of Government

  4.7     Forces of Short-Run

Stability

  4.8     Forces of Long-Run Stability:

Adaptive Efficiency

  4.9     Why Institutions Work

Differently under Open Access than Limited Access

  4.10    A New “Logic of Collective Action”

and Theory of Rent-Seeking

  4.11    Democracy and Redistribution

  4.12    Adaptive Efficiency and the Seeming

Independence of Economics and Politics in Open Access Orders

5.      The Transition from Limited to

Open Access Orders: The Doorstep Conditions

  5.1     Introduction

  5.2     Personality and Impersonality:

The Doorstep Conditions

  5.3     Doorstep Condition #1: Rule of

Law for Elites

  5.4     Doorstep Condition #2:

Perpetually Lived Organizations in the Public and Private

Spheres

  5.5     Doorstep Condition #3:

Consolidated Control of the Military

  5.6     The British Navy and the British

State

  5.7     Time, Order, and Institutional

Forms

6.      The Transition Proper

  6.1     Institutionalizing Open

Access

  6.2     Fear of Faction

  6.3     Events

  6.4     Parties and Corporations

  6.5     The Transition to Open Access in

Britain

  6.6     The Transition to Open Access in

France

  6.7     The Transition to Open Access in

the United States

  6.8     Institutionalizing Open Access:

Why the West?

7.      A New Research Agenda for the

Social Sciences

  7.1     The Framing Problems

  7.2     The Conceptual Framework

  7.3     A New Approach to the Social

Sciences: Violence, Institutions, Organizations, and Beliefs

  7.4     A New Approach to the Social

Sciences: Development and Democracy

  7.5     Toward a Theory of the

State

  7.6     Violence and Social Orders: The

Way Ahead

  References

  Index

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