Israeli Economy, 1985-1998以色列经济 2025 chm pdf kindle rb azw3 下载 115盘

From 1973 to 1985, the Israeli economy suffered a deep crisis: the growth rate declined, foreign debt increased, and inflation soared to annual rates of a few hundred percent. This book analyzes the structural reforms initiated between 1985 and 1998 that transformed the Israeli economy from one of heavy government intervention to a market-oriented, open economy. The reforms introduced fiscal discipline, increased central bank independence, and reduced government intervention in capital, labor, and financial markets. Also, competition was fostered in monopoly-controlled markets. The results of these reforms include, among others: a decline from 77 percent to 55 percent in the government expenditure portion of the gross domestic product, a decline from 65 percent of credit volume to 5 percent in government involvement in directing credit, and almost complete elimination of the tight control of the foreign-exchange market. These reforms, together with the mass migration into Israel from the former Soviet Union and the peace process with Israel’s neighbors, accelerated economic growth, particularly in the business sector.

Preface: Michael Bruno--Teacher and Leader

Introduction

Contributors

1　The Obstacle Course to a Market Economy in Israel

Ⅰ　FISCAL POLICY

　2　Reducing the Relative Size of Government in Israel after 1985

Ⅱ　MONETARY POLICY AND THE INFLATIONARY PROCESS

　3　A Monetary Labyrinth: Instruments and the Conduct of Monetary Policy in Israel, 1987-1998

　4　The Disinflation Process in Israel in the Past Decade

　5　Israeli Inflation from an International Perspective

Ⅲ REFORMS IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET

　6　Reform in the Israeli Financial System and the Flow of Funds of Publicly Traded Manufacturing Firms

　7　Pension Fund Reform

　8　Liberalization in the Capital Account of the Balance of Payments

Ⅳ REFORMS IN THE GOODS AND SERVICES MARKETS

　9　The Import-Liberalization and Abolition of Devaluation Substitutes Policy: Implications for the Israeli Economy

　10　Structural Changes in the Israeli Public Utilities--The Reform That Never Was

Ⅴ　IMMIGRATION AND THE LABOR MARKET

　11　Integration of Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union in the Israeli Labor Market

　12　The Flexibility of the Israeli Labor Market

Ⅵ　GROWTH, BRANCH STRUCTURE, AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION

　13　Capital Accumulation, Productivity, and Growth in the Israeli Economy

　14　Structural Change and the Emergence of Israel's High-Tech Sector

　15　The Rise of Earning Inequality

Index

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作者简介：Avi Ben-Bassat is Professor of Economics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. From 1999 to 2001, he was Director General of Israel’s Ministry of Finance.

书籍介绍

From 1973 to 1985, the Israeli economy suffered a deep crisis: the growth rate declined, foreign debt increased, and inflation soared to annual rates of a few hundred percent. This book analyzes the structural reforms initiated between 1985 and 1998 that transformed the Israeli economy from one of heavy government intervention to a market-oriented, open economy. The reforms introduced fiscal discipline, increased central bank independence, and reduced government intervention in capital, labor, and financial markets. Also, competition was fostered in monopoly-controlled markets. The results of these reforms include, among others: a decline from 77 percent to 55 percent in the government expenditure portion of the gross domestic product, a decline from 65 percent of credit volume to 5 percent in government involvement in directing credit, and almost complete elimination of the tight control of the foreign-exchange market. These reforms, together with the mass migration into Israel from the former Soviet Union and the peace process with Israel’s neighbors, accelerated economic growth, particularly in the business sector. Topics discussed include the impact of macroeconomic policy and structural reforms on growth, employment, inflation, balance of payments, and the rapid expansion of high-tech industry. The book also examines the consequent increase in income inequality and related problems.